1) Look up into the canopy (not just at the trunk)
A healthy canopy is full and evenly leafed-out for that species. If you see thinning “see-through” areas, dead tips on multiple branches, or leaf size shrinking year over year, it’s worth an evaluation.
2) Check leaves for patterns
Random holes happen. But repeated spotting, curling, sticky residue, webbing, or fine speckling can point to insects or disease. Proper identification matters because treatment timing is often the difference between “worked” and “wasted.”
3) Inspect the root zone (where sprinklers and soil meet)
Compacted soil, standing water, or turf that’s always soggy around the tree can reduce oxygen and weaken roots. Extension guidance emphasizes that shallow, frequent watering can be detrimental—trees benefit from watering practices that support deeper moisture. (uidaho.edu)
4) Watch for sudden changes after storms or heat spikes
If a tree looked fine, then rapidly browned or dropped leaves after extreme heat/wind, it may be stress-related—yet stress can also “open the door” to pests. A professional can help you sort cause vs. effect and choose the next best step.